When the Hunters Became the Hunted – Hunters & Collectors
August 14, 2009 at 2:09 pm | In itchy backside | Leave a CommentTags: Animals, Arts, Birdwatching, Bugs, Education, Environment, Museum, Nature, Uniquely Singapore
In the late 19th century, expeditions were often organised by explorers, nautralists, businessmen and missionaries to the Southeast Asian region. The latest exhibition at the Asian Civilisation Museum (ACM) features more than 300 artefacts by six of these collectors during their many trips. Many of their collections made their way to the then Raffles Library & Museum (the present National Museum of Singapore), the first museum in Singapore. Established in 1849, the museum was founded to study the region’s exotic flora and fauna. The Hunter & Collectors exhibition in ACM recreates the old museum with the many cabinets of rich ethnographic collection and natural history specimens; the latter were on-loan from the Zoological Reference Collection of the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research (RMBR).
Well, frankly speaking, it was a time when natural specimens were collected through ‘hunting’, which means that predators like tigers and leopards, the ‘hunters’ themselves, were now the ‘hunted’, by early collectors.

The hunter….a leopard taken from the zoo…
The highlight of the natural specimens section must be this one…not sure if I have seen this specimen in the RMBR during my many visits there…

A leopard (panthera pardus) poised to pounce! These cats can run at speed
of around 58 km (36 miles) an hour, three times faster than an average
human being!

According to the sign, “leopards were found in Singapore at Pulau Ubin, the
MacRitchie Reservoir before 1924, and one is believed to have been shot near
Orchard Road! Although they are believed to be extinct here since WWII,
leopards have reportedly been sighted on Tekong island around 1988.”

This tiger was at the RMBR gallery…but I like the shadow cast. The teeth
looked a bit comical….haha…

This is the False Gavial (Tomistoma schlegelii). The stockier one is the
Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), and can be seen at the Sungei
Buloh Wetland Reserves
Since some of the specimen on display were the same as those in the gallery of RMBR, we shall not show those again.

Yes, I have showed and written about these Proboscis Monkeys (Nasalis
larvatus) on my last visit to RMBR. But what I did not notice was this…

..that the Proboscis has this distinctive white patch on the rear end that looks
like it is wearing a white underwear! Hahahaha….! These guys are good swimmers
and can dive underwater..er…no wonder they need the white swimming trunk..
haha…The thick brown coat looks like a vest…
Somehow it looks lost on
the specimen…

This is the Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus), the largest gibbon and one
of the noisiest

The Siamang is aboreal and a vegetarian. This species was named by
Stamford Raffles

Can’t remember if this beautiful specimen was displayed at RMBR. This is
Asian Brown Tortoise (Manouria emys). The one Itchyfingers rescued at
Fraser’s Hill should be this species…

This one is so cute, with the head and limbs tucked in!
According to the
sign, this is the Pineapple Tortoise (Indotestudo elongata). I have never
heard of such a tortoise species, and thought I have seen similar ones like this…

And yes! A search online says the Pineapple Tortoise is another name for the
Elongated Tortoise. They are also known as Red-nosed Tortoise (how apt!),
Yellow Tortoise and Yellow-headed Tortoise. This sweetie is from the zoo..

This Orange-spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) must be the grumpiest
fish I have ever seen…hahah…
Looks much better when it is alive…

The grumpy fish seen in the old museum in this archival photo…
Moving on, we were attracted by these beautiful drawings by Carl Alexander Gibson-Hill, a British medical doctor, naturalist, ornithologist and curator of the Raffles Museum, in the 20th century. Hmm, no wonder his depiction of the birds and animals were so accurate.

This is the Lesser Crow-Pheasant, or the Lesser Coucal (Centropus
bengalensis javanensis). Can’t find our picture of this bird taken in the wild…

Not too sure if this is the other name for the other Pipit found locally?

Lapwings in flight

The Red-wattled Lapwing (Vanellus indicus) taken in the wild

Notice how the artist used white paint to correct on the paper which had
since turned yellowish with time… :p This is the Spotted Dove (Streptopelia
chinensis), a common bird in Singapore

The ’spots’ on the neck are actually from black tips of the white feathers.
Somehow, many malays like to keep these as pets

The Eastern Swallow, better known as the Pacific Swallow (Hirundo
tahitica) here

Unlike Swifts, Swallows can perch and come to the ground to drink or
gather nesting material. Pacific Swallows are common in Singapore, usually
near water and open country, along the coast and also in mangroves

By far, this is the least accurate of all the drawings. This is supposed to be the
Yellow-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus goiavier)…a bit fat leh… :p

The Yellow-vented Bulbul with the newly fledged…a very common bird in
Singapore

The Siamang

The Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Remember Itchyfingers’ post on ‘Monkey See, Monkey Do‘?
Besides the live size specimens, there are also some in this form…

Flattened like pancake… :p This is the Sunda Colugo (Galeopterus variegatus)
or the Malayan Flying Lemur. Itchyfingers just read on the latest issue of
Nature Society’s magazine about a pair of mating colugo, which showed the
male as a brownish one and the female as the more grayish one. This brown
specimen was labelled as a male too

Can you see anything here?

Now, you can see it! The Malayan Colugo are not related to true lemurs of
the Madagascar. These nocturnal and often well camouflaged animals have
membranes that connect their legs and tail, enabling them to glide from
tree to tree…Itchyfingers have yet to get the chance to see them glide…

The greyish female with a baby…

Remember the Jungle Nymph (Heteropteryx dilatata) that Itchyfingers once cut open?

So many butterflies, some of which Itchyfingers have never seen before…
Remember the Atlas Moth (Attacus atlas) we wrote about?

The Common Birdwing (Troides helena). This specimen must have aged a lot…

..cos the life butterfly spots a bright yellow on the wings…Was so thrilled
to see this big butterfly again recently…
Nowadays, specimens are no longer acquired through the organising of expeditions…thanks goodness!
Most of the newer specimens are from dead animals collected locally. Since the open house of RMBR few months ago which attracted a lot of visitors, many who were first-time visitors, vast interest in natural history was generated and discussed on the papers. It was said that plans for a new and bigger gallery space are being explored, as RMBR has so many more specimens that were only accessible to researchers. Hopefully Singapore will have a better museum for natural history very soon! In the meantime, do visit the Hunters & Collectors Exhibition at the ACM from now till 21 September, or look out for Itchyfingers’ next post for more!
Also see related posts:
> Seeing Double
> Humming to the Wrong Tune – Mistaken Identities #3
> Slow But Steady – World Turtle Day
> Changing Colours – Mistaken Identities #2
> Living in Cold Blood – Mistaken Identities #1
> Snake Tales
> Monkey See, Monkey Do
> The Web Crawler
> Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research
> Attaining Immortality – Body Preservation
> Life in the Mountain – Fraser’s Hill, Malaysia Trip #4
The Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research
April 26, 2009 at 11:33 am | In itchy mouth | 1 CommentTags: Animals, Bugs, Education, Environment, History, Museum, Nature, Uniquely Singapore
Words of Caution: The following pictures may cause uneasiness for some people…please bear with us and look with your eyes half closed or visit us again soon! :p
Itchyfingers are quite sure that not many people have heard of, let alone visit, the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research (RMBR) before, although it is located at National University of Singapore (NUS). That applies to many friends who have studied there too. Formerly called the Raffles Museum, which was founded in 1849, RMBR is now part of the Department of Biological Sciences at the NUS. Established on 1 October 1998, the RMBR contains some of the oldest and largest collection of plant and animal specimens from Southeast Asia, dating back to the 19th century. Having not studied in the local varsity, I did not know about this museum until I joined the Nature Society and later became friend with one of the staff there. Can’t remember when was my first visit there, but due to some projects, I had to drop by the office a number of times. Unfortunately each time I had to rush off almost immediately after the meeting. However, during the recent visit to the office, I made it a point to stay back to visit the museum once again.
Visitors to the museum will get to see various exhibits of stuffed and preserved wildlife, some of which, sadly, are already extinct. I remembered when I was a young Tisu still in primary school, one of the top levels of my school had a big glass display of stuffed animals…couldn’t remember what animals those were now but I remembered feeling a bit uneasy and scared looking at the dead animals, especially their eyes…they all looked eerie as if staring at you…Being on the top level meant that there were lesser people walking on the corridor…I remembered I had to walk doubly fast to escape their piercing looks. Wow so scary….hahah…..coward… But that was all in the past…erhem….:p

Part of the exhibits on display. Photography is allowed as long as you do not
use flash…
Signs of “No flash photography” were everywhere but ironically, when I was alone there, some staff members came in with a photographer to take some group shots…and the photographer was firing his flash light against the backdrop of these stuffed animal specimens….hmmm….maybe should do that when there’s no outside visitors? :p

Do not try to touch the specimens with your itchy fingers…not only are they
fragile and old, they were all coated with toxic preservatives…

The Malayan Sun Bear

Malayan Giant Terrapin

In the background: Rarely seen and a secretive species of wild goat, the Southern
Serow occurs in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. Foreground: A juvenile
Malayan Tapir. Right: The Dhole or Red Dog is widely distributed over
eastern Asia from Siberia south to India, Indochina, the Malay Peninsula,
Sumatra and Java.

Hard to believe we had tigers once upon a long long time….

The Banded Wild Pig, adult and juvenile

Itchyfingers hope to go Borneo to see the Proboscis Monkey one day…

This Leatherback Turtle is the only one recorded from Singapore territorial
water

Wow…Once upon a time we had Green Turtle (left) and Hawksbill Turtle
in our water!

The Greater Mousedeer. Itchyfingers had seen its cousin, the Lesser
Mousedeer, in Malaysia’s national park

The Small-clawed Otters can still be found in Pulau Tekong, which is
out-of-bound for civilians

The Common Palm Civet and the Sumatran Rhinoceros. The head of the
rhino had been displayed in RMBR since 1900…
(Ok…warning…time to half close your eyes now….it’s not a pretty sight…)
Looking at the specimens, it was especially sad to know many of these on display could be one of the last of its kind to be found in Singapore. One of these sad stories belonged to a last female Banded Leaf Monkey….

This old female Banded Leaf Monkey was mauled to death by a pack of
stray dogs.
She is now preserved in her own glass container…Looks
pretty scary…
The Banded Leaf Monkey was thought to have been extinct in Singapore until a recent rediscovery of a small family in one of the nature reserves of Singapore. Itchyfingers have not been fortunate enough to see these extremely shy monkeys in the wild yet.
There were also many other smaller specimens of bird, bats, fish, crabs, insects, plants on display.

I was intrigued immediately by these specimens..looked so primitive…
Besides the bigger turtle specimens, there were a few of the small species preserved in bottles of solution. How I wish I can see them in the wild!

A Spiny Terrapin from our nature reserve…

The Big-headed Terrapin, found in Thailand, Laos and Myanmar, is
endangered as it is heavily exploited for wild meat and pet trade

Some of the hatchlings that did not make it to the sea….These were from
as recent as 1996 in East Coast beach!

Er…I dun think I wanna take these as medicine….eeee…they have a cute
name though – the Tokay Gecko…sounds like ‘Towkay’, which means ‘boss’
in Hokien…hahah

Most of the bird specimens are preserved this way for easy storage, making
then look like satay bird sticks…:p The museum’s library of thousands of
bird specimens which were not displayed are all kept in drawers

I always find bats very cool…hanging upside down…hahah…
In ancient Chinese culture, bats were regarded as auspicious animals and their decorative form can be found in many household item. Today, maybe due to popular dracula and vampires movies and with lesser contact and understanding of the animal, many people have some misconceptions about bats.

Despite the name, Malayan False Vampire does not suck blood. Instead
it is a hunter of relative large prey like mice, lizards and even smaller
bats

A lot of bats are fruit bats. Notice the long tongue of this specimen? Looks
like he is teasing you from his bottle…:p

I always wonder how they managed to maintain the shape of snakes in
bottles without having them sink to the bottom…This is the venomous Blue
Coral Snake

A Tortoise Beetle. Didn’t manage to take a picture of the one we saw in
Malaysia…

This is a kind of Stink Bug. They may come in yellow, red or green with black.
See how it really looks like a Sumo Wrestler’s face?

I didn’t know there’s such species as the Water Stick Insect…They are
closely related to water scorpions

A beautiful Leaf Insect…

They may be tiny but they are called the Soldier Crabs

It should be fairly easy to recognise this crab with its distinctive spots…

Menacing looking though tiny

Horseshoe Crabs are more related to spiders and scorpions than crabs.
My first encounter of wild horseshoe crabs were two dead ones washed
up to the shore…

The Hermit Crab

These are still found in Singapore

Another gorgeous butterfly…Can’t remember if I have seen them here but
definitely seen them in Malaysia forests

See the face mask on the thorax of this moth?
There are many more interesting animal and plant species in the museum. Though not a very big museum, it is still worth a visit if you are interested in nature. Unfortunately, it is opened on weekdays during office hours only. But if you happen to be on leave, do drop by RMBR to learn a bit more! Admission is free.
Also see related post:
> Private Lives: An Exposé of Singapore Mangroves
> Attaining Immortality – Body Preservation
> Touch No Evil
> Invasion of the Creepy Crawlies
Attaining Immortality – Body Preservation
September 23, 2008 at 12:14 am | In itchy fingers | Leave a CommentTags: Bugs, Education, Nature
Words of Caution (again..): The following post contains highly graphical imageries not suitable for those squeamish person….read at your own risk….
Just when I thought being able to hold a huge millipede and the largest cockroach was already quite something for me, what came next was totally unexpected…
Besides the many live specimens of creepy crawlies that we had to handle at the volunteer programme that Itchyfingers joined, we had to help prepare specimen of the dead ones too! Wow! I had seen insect specimens at museums and shops, photographed them and even owned one souvenir keychain with a mini scorpion specimen cast in resin, which I discarded later cos I thought it was a bit gross to keep. :p But to preserve an insect myself…! Totally unexpected!
We entered the room and on the table there was one small box of dead insects in individual plastic bags, all still damp after being thawed. There were big and small insects: a few beetles, a scorpion, butterflies and the hissing cockroaches! We were told to choose one dead insect each. Everyone hesitated for a moment before the lady in charge ‘reminded’ us to start choosing before we were left with no choice but to take the cockroaches…Wow! Immediately people started taking her ‘offer’…:p
For some unknown reason, I found myself immediately raising up my hand when the lady picked up this insect and asked anyone wanted it…
I think I kinda regretted it after taking it…looking at the size….:O

A Junge Nymph…a kinda stick insect
After everyone had chosen an insect, the lady did a demo with a beetle. Eeeee….I was getting a bit sqeamish looking at it and gosh! the smell was not very pleasant either! I was so busy switching my camera between still picture and video mode that when she finished and told us to start cutting our insects, I was a bit lost at where to start…!
Luckily, I had grabbed a fellow volunteer earlier who was also feeling a bit grossed out to “share” the huge insect. Still, It took us a while to decide who would be making the cut…:O

Gosh! This thing certainly looked menacing! Look at the spiky thorns!
These were supposed to minic thorny vegetation
Ok, enough of being courteous…or as they always said, “ladies first”. Looking at my fellow male volunteer, who didn’t even dare to sit down to be close to the insect, I took a deep breathe…Ok!! Tisu Girl shall do it! :O
It looked as if it was struggling, shouting for help….if only it was alive…

Eeeek! The mouth part looked so strange!
Ok, I took over the scalpel. “Er, cut where?”
“Just cut vertically”, my fellow volunteer replied ‘helpfully’…
I had a nasty injury on my thumb that morning. So clumsily, I made a gently cut. Nothing happen. Thought a scalpel is supposed to be so sharp that it could cut through easily…..I tried again, this time with a little bit more force…and then passed the scalpel to my fellow volunteer to cut horizontally so as to create a flap to empty the stuff inside…

See! A big guy staying on his foot so as not to get too close for comfort
with the insect, nevermind that it was dead and won’t bite back! Aiyo!
Ok, I survived the cutting part, which was not so bad. The next thing that almost took our breathe away was the smell! I couldn’t really describe the smell, but it was certainly quite horrible! And we were not the only ones cutting insects. There were at least six more volunteers sitting in the room cutting different kinds of insects of different sizes! It was so bad that the lady in charge had to spray air refresher a few times throughout the session!
Next come the cleaning of the insect. Using whatever limited and unsuitable tools left, we had to scoop and dig out the guts and whatever sh*t inside so that it would not rot and destroy the finished specimen. I sweared it was really gross having to do this part! And since our insect was such a HUGE one, it was like digging never ending! The stuff inside were mostly creamy colour, so I couldn’t help feeling it was like some kind of food people eat that were wrapped in maybe banana leaf or even crabs, where you had to scrap every bit of the content to savour it! Wow! Gross!

Nothing really suitable for digging and scooping the gross stuff effectively…
Then while we were taking turns digging and complaining why was it so tough to clear the stuff, suddenly I dug out something dark in colour. “Eeee, what’s this???” I exclaimed…and I dug out one, two, three…oh goodness…! What were these??? :O
I dun remember who said that. Eeeee! Yeeeks! She still had eggs in her body!

Wow lao! Si bay suay leh! Dunnu why I so itchy fingers chose this
Jungle Nymph to cut!
My fellow volunteers across the room sent me their utmost sincere sympathy…
Hearing our ‘misfortune’, my fellow senior volunteer came to give us a helping hand. He took over the half emptied (or so we thought…) insect and skilfully dug really deep inside towards the thorax. When he took it out, me and my fellow volunteer looked at each other, totally wide eyed….I wanted to puke…:O

Eeee…dunnu what was this! Looked like some organ thingy…
Arrrgh…! No choice lor! Already started had to finish it off! So grumpily, the two of us took turns again to continue digging, scooping, pulling and checking if there were anymore gross stuff left to clean…The other folks were already starting to pin down their insects…
When we were quite sure that what could be cleaned was done and with confirmation from the lady in charge, we took some cotton wool to clean and then stuff into the body before injecting some formalin to preserve it. To conceal the cut, we had to glue it carefully. Next, we had to use hairdryer to dry it since we couldn’t afford the time to sun dry it.

Ha! My fellow volunteer finally handled the insect with his hands!
Looked like voodoo doll hor? :p
I took a break while he tried pinning the fella down, to kay poh around the room on how was everyone else doing. Wow, not bad leh!

Wow! Can open up wings! Wow, how come we din get to use gloves…?
Less gross….

The male Rhinoceros Beetle

Another Rhinoceros Beetle without opening up the wings

The only scorpion available that day

An incomplete specimen of a Dragon headed Katydid
So after spying around, I went back and told my fellow volunteer that we should try to open up our Jungle Nymph’s small wings. Being Itchyfingers, I tried to make the antennae neater without thinking that it was already dry and stiff and hor, ended up breaking it! :O

Two greenhorns in green tees frantically trying to stick back the broken
antenna of a green fella…
Actually we had to sun dry the specimen for few days to make sure they were completely dried up before putting up for display. But no one wanted to bring them home to do it except one senior volunteer who drove. Imagine bringing the huge nymph home….! Think my mother would start screaming…:O

Some of our prized collection…haha…someone actually did the hissing
cockroaches! :O
Here’s a video of the Jungle Nymph. I think I prefer it alive…hahah…:D
Also see related posts:
> Touch No Evil
> Invasion of the Creepy Crawlies
> Sleepless in Siam – Bangkok, Thailand Trip #2
Blog at WordPress.com. | Theme: Pool by Borja Fernandez.
Entries and comments feeds.







